铝碳微电解法降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用铝碳微电解法降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）。首先考察了初始废水pH、铝碳质量比和反应时间对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）降解率的影响，然后分别考察了超声波频率、其他金属的添加和H₂O₂加入量对铝碳微电解法降解模拟混合PAEs废水中DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）的影响。实验结果表明：在初始DMP质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始废水pH为12.0、铝碳质量比为1∶1、反应时间为30 min的条件下，DMP降解率达49.94%;在上述最佳反应条件下处理DMP，DEP，DBP的质量浓度分别为20，10，8 mg/L的模拟混合PAEs废水，当超声波频率为80 kHz时，模拟混合PAEs废水中DMP，DEP，DBP的降解率分别为63.38%，32.75%，32.23%，当铝铁质量比为100∶1时，DMP，DEP，DBP的降解率分别为59.61%，37.39%，31.50%;添加铜和H₂O₂对PAEs的降解有抑制作用。     

麻疯树种子中佛波酯的提取及对菜青虫的杀虫活性

佛波酯是麻疯树种子中的主要毒性物质之一.麻疯树种子经乙醇浸提、液液萃取和柱层析,获得佛波酯富集物.以TPA为外标,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量分析佛波酯的含量,同时检测其对菜青虫的毒杀和拒食活性.结果显示,富集物中佛波酯含量达到0.817 35 mg mg-1.佛波酯富集物对3龄菜青虫具有显著的毒杀和拒食活性:毒杀活性表现为胃毒作用,胃毒活性具有明显的剂量效应和时间效应,48、72、120 h的佛波酯半致死浓度(LC50)分别为73.86、16.99、5.26μg mL-1;24、48 h的非选择拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为9.81、5.39μg mL-1.图3表3参24     

Effects of iron (hydr)oxides on the degradation of diethyl phthalate ester in heterogeneous (photo)-Fenton reactions

This work studied the structural effects of hematite(α-Fe2 O3), 2-line ferrihydrite(HFO) and goethite(α-FeOOH) on diethyl phthalate ester(DEP) degradation. The results showed that the degradation of DEP was faster under 365 nm light irradiation than in the dark in the presence of iron(hydr)oxides. The apparent kinetic rates of DEP degradation followed the order HFO goethite ≈ hematite in the dark and HFO hematite goethite under 365 nm light irradiation. Two pathways governed H2 O2 decomposition efficiency on iron(hydr)oxide surfaces:(1) forming UOH on inherent surface hydroxyl groups(Fe-OH) and(2) producing O2 and H2 O on the surface oxygen vacancies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses indicated that HFO not only has high Fe-OH content but also has high Vo content, resulting in its low H2 O2 utilization efficiency(η). DEP was degraded through hydrogen abstraction and deesterification, and the major products were(OH)2-DEP, mono-ethyl phthalate(MEP), OH-MEP,and phthalate acid(PA). The study is important in understanding the transformation of phthalate esters in top surface soils and surface waters under ultraviolet light.     

Antimicrobial effects of clofibrate on the wheat pathogen Fusarium culmorum

Abstract

The biological effects of clofibrate (ethyl p‐chlorophenoxy‐isobutyric acid) on the growth and metabolism of the soil‐borne wheat pathogen Fusarium culmorum, were examined.

In mid log phase (16 hr) cultures both phenylalanine uptake and secondary spore production were stimulated at 0.1 μM concentration; the net sterol content was reduced 50% at 0.35 μM; oxygen uptake was stimulated at 0.1 mM; growth was inhibited 50% at 0.1 mM concentration. Both phenylalanine and oxygen uptake were inhibited at 1.0 mM and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was reduced 50% at 50 mM concentration of clofibrate.

The data indicate that clofibrate affects a number of biological and enzyme systems. The inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogen suggest a potential use of hypolipidemic agents like clofibrate as an antifungal agent for seed protection.     

Pollution levels and characteristics of phthalate esters in indoor air of offices

The pollution status and characteristics of PAEs (phthalate esters) were investigated in indoor air of offices, and PAEs of both gas-phase and particulate-phase were detected in all the samples. The concentration (sum of the gas phase and the particulate phase) was 4748.24 ng/m³, ranging between 3070.09 and 6700.14 ng/m³. Diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the most abundant compounds, together accounting for 70% of the ∑ 6PAEs. Dividing the particulate-phase PAEs into four size ranges (< 2.5, 2.5–5, 5–10, > 10 μm), the result indicated that PAEs in PM_2.5 were the most abundant, with the proportion of 72.64%. In addition, the PAE concentration in PM_2.5 correlated significantly with the total particulate-phase PAEs (R² = 0.85). Thus, the amount of PAEs in PM_2.5 can be estimated from the total amount of particulate-phase PAEs using this proportion. In a comparison between the offices and a newly decorated study room, it was found that pollution characteristics were similar between these two places. Thus, it is implied that the PAE concentration decreased by 50% 2 yr after decorating.     

有机磷酸酯在三峡库区土壤中污染特征

本研究首次检测分析了三峡库区农田和消落带河段土壤样品中12种有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)单体的含量水平,探讨了其组成特征,通过相关性和主成分分析阐明了其可能的来源.结果表明,Σ12OPEs在三峡库区农田和消落带土壤中的含量(以干重计,下同)范围分别为52.1~680 ng·g~(-1)和156~1 428 ng·g~(-1),均值分别为272 ng·g~(-1)和498ng·g~(-1),处于国内外研究的中等水平;OPEs在农田和消落带土壤中表现出不同的空间分布模式;在各个采样点中,OPEs在消落带土壤中的含量显著高于农田土壤中的含量;TCP和EHDPP是最主要的OPEs单体,两者贡献率超过90%,这可能与工业产品中OPEs不同的单体组成有一定关系,此外TBEP在土壤微生物中降解也不能完全排除;相关性分析结果显示OPEs在农田和消落带土壤中存在显著相关性(P0.05),表明农田和消落带土壤中OPEs具有一部分相似的来源;主成分分析结果显示三峡库区农田土壤中OPEs主要来自建筑装潢材料以及室内源排放,而消落带土壤中OPEs可能是建筑材料以及交通源排放的复合来源.     

磷酸酯抗燃油劣化机理及脱水净化技术研究

磷酸酯抗燃油是一种新的人工合成有机脂类液体,由于它具有优异的抗燃、润滑、耐磨性能,逐步取代传统的矿物基润滑油成为新的趋势。为了保证核电等高参数火力发电机组的安全经济运行,针对磷酸酯抗燃油的挥发性、抗燃性、润滑性等基本理化特性,从合成液的温度、酸值和所含水分等影响因素分析了磷酸酯抗燃油的劣化机理。文章分析了现有磷酸酯抗燃油脱水技术的真空分离和重力沉降脱水净化方法的不足,在此基础上提出了反沉降脱水净化的方法,使合成液与水分的分层更加顺利。文章还对油中固体杂质所受作用力进行了力学分析。目前,国内已有研究将该技术用于核电机组等工程案例,实现了对劣化磷酸酯抗燃油的资源化回用和污染的有效治理。     

双氧化剂光催化降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物

采用过硫酸钠/双氧水双氧化体系光催化氧化降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物,考察了过硫酸钠/双氧水的投加比例、紫外光强、溶液pH以及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的初始浓度等因素对降解率的影响,并在优化条件下对降解反应的动力学进行了考察。结果表明:室温下,过硫酸钠和双氧水浓度均为0.2mol/L且体积比为1:1,pH=7.0,光照距离为0.5cm,反应80min,DOP降解率达98%以上,反应动力学研究表明,过硫酸钠/双氧水双氧化体系光催化氧化降解水中DOP反应为表观一级。优于相同条件下两种氧化剂单独使用对DOP的降解效果。     

不同采样膜对大气颗粒物酸性测定影响的研究

颗粒物特别是酸性细粒子对人体呼吸系统具有毒性效应,且颗粒物呈酸性还会加速许多气溶胶二次组分的形成,从而影响环境和气候.因此,本文在美国环保署(EPA)制定的颗粒物酸性标准测定方法的基础上,分别采用玻璃膜、石英膜、Teflon膜和复合纤维素酯滤膜(MCE膜)在实验室中进行平行提取测定,探讨各种膜对颗粒物酸性测定的影响,确定不同条件下加入H+量与提取H+量之间的标准曲线,评价不同采样膜对颗粒物酸性测定的准确性与精密度.结果显示,Teflon膜、MCE膜、石英膜、玻璃膜用于颗粒物酸性测定,其测定的精密度和准确性分别为9.4%和7.8%、9.9%和13.0%、15.6%和18.1%、17.8%和16.1%.玻璃膜用于H+的数据测定时,由于其标准曲线的斜率变化范围大(0.745～1.048),基质碱性物质背景值高,导致测定的潜在误差最大.     

环境空气中的邻苯二甲酸酯类的测定

研究制作了半挥发性有机物中流量采样装置,将环境空气(包括气相和颗粒物)中的半挥发性有机物采集到超细玻璃纤维滤膜及其后面的吸附剂上,用乙醚/正己烷混合溶剂提取,提取液经硅胶柱净化后,用反相液相色谱分离测定邻苯二甲酸酯类.并对色谱分离条件、样品净化方式、目标化合物在气相和颗粒物上的分布规律及采样器的捕集效率进行了实验.